Table of Contents

1 Introduction

1.l Technical Summary
1.1.1 High-Level Languages
1.1.2 Compact Program Representation
1.1.3 Compact Data Representation
1.1.4 Read Only Relocatable Code
1.1 5 Stack Machine
1.1 6 Control Transfers
1.1.7 Process Mechanism
1.1.8 Virtual Memory
1.1.9 Protection

1.2 Terminology
1.2.1 Architecture
1.2.2 Processor
1.2.3 Programmer

1.3 Conventions
1.3.1 Type Checking
1.3.2 Type Representation
1.3.3 Subrange Types
1.3.4 Enumerated Types
1.3.5 Pointers
1.3.6 Arrays and Records
1.3.7 Type Conversion
1.3.8 Built-in Routines
1.3.9 Control Flow
1.3.10 Signals and Errors
1.3.11 Instruction Descriptions

1.4 Indices

2 Data Types

2.1 Basic Data Types
2.1.1. Unspecified
2.1.2 Bit, Nibble, Byte
2.1.3 Basic Operators
2.1.3.1 Basic Logical Operators
2.1.3.2 Basic Arithmetic Operators

2.2 Numeric Types
2.2.1 Cardinal
2.2.2 Integer
2.2.3 Real

2.3 Long and Pointer Types
2.3.1 Long Types
2.3.2 Pointer Types

2.4 Type Conversion
2.4.l Assignment
2.4.2 Signed/Unsigned Conversions
2.4.3 Short/Long Conversions
2.4.4 Pointer Conversions

3 Memory Organization

3.1 Virtual Memory
3.1.1. Virtual Memory Mapping
3.1.2 Memory Map Instructions
3.1.3 Virtual Memory Access
3.1.4 Virtual Memory Data Structures
3.1.4.1 Reserved Locations
3.1.4.2 Process Data Structures
3.1.4.3 Code Segments

3.2 Main Data Spaces
3.2.1 Main Data Space Access
3.2.2 Main Data Space Data Structures
3.2.2.1. Reserved Locations
3.2.2.2 Local and Global Frames
3.2.3 Frame Overhead Access

3.3 Processor Memories
3.3.1 Control Registers
3.3.2 Evaluation Stack
3.3.3 Data and Status Registers
3.3.4 Register Instructions

4 Instruction Interpreter


4.1 Interpreter

4.2 Instruction Formats

4.3 Instruction Fetch

4.4 Address Calculation

4.5 Instruction Execution

4.6 Exceptions

4.6.1 Traps and Faults
4.6.2 Interrupts

4.7 Initial State

5 Stack Instructions


5.1 Stack Primitives

5.2 Check Instructions

5.3 Unary Operations

5.4 Logical Operations

5.5 Arithmetic Operations

5.6 Comparison Operations

5.7 Floating Point Operations

6 Jump Instructions


6.1 Unconditional Jumps

6.2 Equality Jumps

6.3 Signed Jumps

6.4 Unsigned Jumps

6.5 Indexed Jumps

7 Assignment Instructions


7.1 Immediate Instructions

7.2 Frame Instructions

7.2.l Local Frame Access
7.2.1.1 Load Local
7.2.1.2 Store Local
7.2.1.3 Put Local
7.2.1.4 Add Local
7.2.2 Global Frame Access
7.2.2.l Load Global
7.2.2.2 Store Global

7.3 Pointer Instructions
7.3.1 Direct Pointer Instructions
7.3.1.1 Read Direct
7.3.1.2 WriteDirect
7.3.1.3 Put Swapped Direct
7.3.2 Indirect Pointer Instructions
7.3.2.1 Read Indirect
7.3.2.2 Write Indirect

7.4 String Instructions
7.4.1 Read String
7.4.2 Write String

7.5 Field Instructions
7.5.1 Read Field
7.5.2 Write Field
7.5.3 Put Swapped Field

8 Block Transfers

8.1 Word Boundary Block Transfers

8.2 Block Comparisons

8.3 Byte Boundary Block Transfers

8.4 Bit Boundary Block Transfers

8.4.1 Bit Transfer Utilities
8.4.2 Bit Block Transfer
8.4.2.1 BitBlt Arguments
8.4.2.2 Interruptibility
8.4.2.3 BitBlt Routines
8.4.3 Text Block Transfer
8.4.3.1 Font Representation
8.4.3.2 TextBlt Arguments and Results
8.4.3.3 Interruptibility
8.4.3.4 TextBlt Routines

9 Control Transfers


9.1 Control Links

9.1.1 Frame Control Links
9.1.2 Indirect Control Links
9.1.3 Procedure Descriptors

9.2 Frame Allocation
9.2.l Frame Allocation Vector
9.2.2 Frame Allocation Primitives
9.2.3 Frame Allocation Instructions

9.3 Control Transfer Primitive

9.4 Control Transfer Instructions

9.4.1 Local Function Call
9.4.2 External Function Calls
9.4.3 Nested Function Calls
9.4.4 Returns
9.4.5 Coroutine Transfers
9.4.6 Link Instructions

9.5 Traps
9.5.1 Trap Routines
9.5.2 Trap Processing
9.5.3 Trap Handlers
9.5.4 Breakpoints
9.5.5 Xfer Traps

10 Processes

10.1 Data Structures
10.1.1 Process Data Area
10.1.2 Process State Blocks
10.1.3 Monitor Locks
10.1.4 Condition Variables
10.1.5 Process Queues

10.2 Process Instructions
10.2.1 Monitor Entry
10.2.2 Monitor Exit
10.2.3 Monitor Wait
10.2.4 Monitor Reentry
10.2.3 Notify and Broadcast
10.2.6 Requeue
10.2.7 Set Process Priority

10.3 Queue Management
10.3.1 Queuing Procedures
10.3.2 Cleanup Links

10.4 Scheduling
10.4.1 Scheduler
10.4.2 Process State
10.4.2.1 Saving and Loading Process State
10.4.2.2 State Vector Allocation
10.4.3 Faults
10.4.4 Interrupts
10.4.4.1 Checking for Interrupts
10.4.4.2 Interrupt Processing
10.4.4.3 Disabling Interrupts
10.4.3 Timeouts

[last edited 4/11/99 12:55AM]