(Functions and commands) (Commands and functions) (Functions) (Keys) (Commands) (OperationsSee also Functions or Commands) This appendix describes all the KED functions and commands you can use in a work session. (Functions)

The (Bytes Required) column lists the number of bytes (characters) required in the macro buffer. (3\13\12) (Key(s)\Bytes Required\Operation) (((downarrow))\3\Advances the cursor to the corresponding character in the succeeding line.

Enters your search model and searches forward without changing the keypad directional mode.) ((GOLD) ((downarrow))\6\Moves the cursor to the end-of-file marker.) (first) (((leftarrow))\3\Backs up the cursor to the preceding character.) ((GOLD) ((leftarrow))\6\Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current or preceding line.) (((rightarrow))\3\Advances the cursor to the succeeding character.) ((GOLD) ((rightarrow))\6\Moves the cursor to a line terminator.) (((uparrow))\3\Backs up the cursor to the corresponding character in the preceding line.

Enters your search model and searches backward without changing the keypad directional mode.) ((GOLD) ((uparrow))\6\Moves the cursor to the top of your file.) ((GOLD) (A)\4\Aligns structured tabs according to the cursor's position and the indentation value you specified with the SET TABS command, thus setting the indentation level for (TAB).) ((ADVANCE)\3\Moves the cursor or sets it to move forward (right or down).

Enters your search model, specifies your search direction, and starts the search.) ((APPEND)\3\Deletes selected text and stores it at the end of the paste buffer.) ((BACKUP)\3\Moves the cursor or sets it to move backward (left or up).

Enters your search model, specifies your search direction, and starts the search.) ((BLINE)\3\Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line.) ((GOLD) (BOTTOM)\6\Advances the cursor to the end of your file (the end-of-file marker).) ((CHAR)\3\Moves the cursor one character at a time to the next or preceding character.) ((GOLD) (CHNGCASE)\6\In selected text, changes all lowercase letters to uppercase and all uppercase letters to lowercase.

If you did not select any text, changes the case of the cursor's character.) ((GOLD) (COMMAND)\6\Lets you type a command on your keyboard.) ((CTRL/C)\0\When your response to the (Model:) or (Command:) prompt is incomplete, cancels that prompt and restores the display.

If the KED prompt appears, returns you to your system prompt.) ((CTRL/C) (CTRL/C)\0\If KED is executing a function or command, cancels that operation and restores the display.) ((CTRL/J)\1\Line-feed function. Deletes through the first character of the current or preceding word and stores the string in the word buffer.) ((GOLD) (CTRL/J)\4\Inserts a deleted word from the word buffer back into your text.) ((CTRL/K)\1\Inserts a vertical-tab character.) ((CTRL/L)\1\Inserts a form-feed character.) ((CTRL/O)\0\Interrupts output to your screen. To recover, press (CTRL/O), and then, (CTRL/R) or (CTRL/W).) ((CTRL/Q)\0\Reenables output to your screen after a (CTRL/S).) ((CTRL/R)\1\Restores the display after you press (HELP) or after the display is interrupted or corrupted for another reason.

Restores the operation of the keypad.) ((CTRL/S)\0\Interrupts output to your screen. To recover, press (CTRL/Q).) ((CTRL/U)\1\Deletes the line to the left of the cursor (but not the preceding line terminator) and stores the string in the line buffer.

Corrects your responses to prompts.) ((GOLD) (CTRL/U)\4\Inserts a deleted line from the line buffer back into your text.) ((CTRL/W)\1\Same as (CTRL/R).) ((CTRL/Z)\0\When your response to the (Model:) or (Command:) prompt is incomplete, cancels that prompt and restores the display.) ((CUT)\3\Deletes selected text and stores it in the paste buffer.) ((GOLD) (D)\4\Decrements the indentation level counter for structured tabs, thus moving the structured tab column toward the left margin.) ((DELCHAR)\3\Deletes the character to the right of the cursor and stores it in the character buffer.) ((GOLD) (DELEOL)\6\Deletes the line to the right of the cursor (but not the line terminator) and stores it in the line buffer.) (()\1\The delete key. Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and stores it in the character buffer.

Corrects your responses to prompts.) ((GOLD) ()\4\Inserts a deleted character from the character buffer back into your text.) ((DELLINE)\3\Deletes the line to the right of the cursor (including the line terminator) and stores it in the line buffer.) ((DELWORD)\3\Deletes the word to the right of the cursor and stores it in the word buffer.) ((GOLD) (E)\4\Increments the indentation level counter for structured tabs, thus moving the structured tab column toward the right margin.) ((ENTER)\3\Executes the command you typed on your keyboard and erases that command and the (Command:) prompt.

Restores the display after you press (HELP).

Enters your search model without starting the search. You must press (FINDNEXT) to start the search.) ((EOL)\3\Moves the cursor to the end of a line (to a line terminator).) ((GOLD) (FILL)\6\Reformats selected text lines to fit within the current right margin.) ((GOLD) (FIND)\6\Displays the (Model:) prompt to let you specify a search string.

You can use SET SEARCH commands to specify exact or general searching, the limit of your search, and the cursor's location at the search target and to disable the selection operation in the FIND function.) ((FINDNEXT)\3\Uses the keypad directional mode to search for another occurrence of a target that matches your search model.

Starts a search after you press (ENTER).) ((GOLD)\3\Selects the alternate function of a keypad key.

Lets you repeat a function or use special character insertion.) ((HELP)\3\If an error occurred, displays an error message.

If no error occurred or if KED is displaying a message, displays a full-screen diagram of the keypad.

If KED is displaying the keypad diagram, displays full-screen summaries of KED commands and functions.) ((GOLD) (L)\4\Forces the case of selected text or the cursor's character to lowercase.) ((LF)\1\Line-feed key. Same as (CTRL/J). Use only on VT100 compatible terminals.) ((GOLD) (LF)\4\Same as (GOLD) (CTRL/J). Use only on VT100 compatible terminals.) ((GOLD) (M) identifier\5\Executes the macro specified by the identifier and marks it as the current macro.) ((N) (RETURN)\0\Gives a negative answer to a prompt requiring a decision.) ((GOLD) (number)\3+1/character in (number)\Repeats any functional operation, except CTRL/U, Delete, or SPECINS, the specified number of times

Specifies the decimal ASCII equivalent of a nonprinting character.) ((GOLD) (OPENLINE)\6\Breaks the current line by inserting a new-line terminator at the cursor's right.) ((PAGE)\3\Moves the cursor to the beginning of a page. The page default is a form-feed character. To insert that character, press (CTRL/L). You can also use the SET ENTITY PAGE command to redefine the beginning of a page.) ((GOLD) (PASTE)\6\Inserts all the text you stored in the paste buffer.) ((GOLD) (REPLACE)\6\Deletes and discards selected text, replacing text with paste buffer contents.

Deletes and discards a search target and inserts a character string from the paste buffer.) ((GOLD) (RESET)\6\Cancels a (GOLD) function or a text selection.) ((RETURN)\2\Inserts a carriage return and line feed.

After you type a command, executes the command, erases it, but continues to display the (Command:) prompt so you can type another command without pressing (GOLD) and (COMMAND).) ((GOLD) (S)\4\Ends the definition of a macro, marks it as the current macro, but does not execute it.) ((SECTION)\3\Moves the cursor to the beginning of a section. The section default is 16 lines. You can use the SET ENTITY SECTION command to redefine the beginning of a section.) ((SELECT)\3\Starts a text selection operation by marking one end of the text.

After moving the cursor to the other end, press (APPEND), (CHNGCASE), (CUT), (FILL), or (REPLACE) or use the FILL, TABS ADJUST, or WRITE SELECT command to process the text you selected.

(RESET) cancels the select range.) ((GOLD) (SPECINS)\6\Inserts a nonprinting character after you press (GOLD) and type the decimal ASCII equivalent of that character.) ((GOLD) (SUBSTITUTE)\6\Substitutes a stored character string for a search target and then searches for the next occurrence of the search target. In other words, it completes the REPLACE function and then the FINDNEXT function.) ((TAB)\1\Moves the cursor to the current indentation level.) ((GOLD) (TOP)\6\Backs up the cursor to the beginning of your file.) ((GOLD) (U)\4\Forces the case of selected text or the cursor's character to uppercase.) ((GOLD) (UNDELCHAR)\6\Inserts a deleted character from the character buffer back into your text.) ((GOLD) (UNDELLINE)\6\Inserts a deleted line from the line buffer back into your text.) ((GOLD) (UNDELWORD)\6\Inserts a deleted word from the word buffer back into your text.) ((WORD)\3\Moves the cursor one word at a time to the beginning of a word.) (last) ((GOLD) (X)\4\If you are defining a macro, ends its definition, executes it, and marks it as the current macro.

If you are not defining a macro, executes the current macro.) ((Y) (RETURN)\0\Gives a positive answer to a prompt requiring a decision.) (Equivalent Functions)

The following functions perform equivalent operations but may require different amounts of (byte) memory in macro buffers. If you are concerned about memory availability in macro buffers, examine the following table to determine if one version of a function requires less memory than the other. Use the function that requires the fewest bytes.

(4\20\9\25) (1\Use only on VT100 compatible terminals.) (Function\Bytes Required\Equivalent Function\Bytes Required) ((RETURN) ((leftarrow))\5\ (GOLD) (OPENLINE)\6) ((GOLD) (SUBSTITUTE)\6\(GOLD) (REPLACE) (FINDNEXT)\12) (first) ((SECTION)\3\(GOLD) (16) (BLINE)\8) ((CTRL/R)\1\(CTRL/W)\1) ((GOLD) (CTRL/U)\4\(GOLD) (UNDELLINE)\6) ((GOLD) ()\4\(GOLD) (UNDELCHAR)\6) ((GOLD) (LF)(1)\4\(GOLD) (UNDELWORD)\6) ((LF)(1)\1\(CTRL/J)\1) ((GOLD) (CTRL/J)\4\(GOLD) (UNDELWORD)\6) ((GOLD) ((downarrow))\6\(GOLD) (BOTTOM)\6) ((GOLD) ((leftarrow))\6\(BACKUP) (BLINE)\6) ((GOLD) ((rightarrow))\6\(ADVANCE) (EOL)\6) ((GOLD) ((uparrow))\6\(GOLD) (TOP)\6) (((leftarrow))\3\(BACKUP) (CHAR)\6) (((rightarrow))\3\(ADVANCE) (CHAR)\6) ((RETURN) (GOLD) (OPENLINE)\8\(GOLD) (OPENLINE) (GOLD) (OPENLINE)\12) (last) ((DELLINE) ()\4\ (DELLINE) (DELLINE)\6) ((ESC) (ESC)\2\(GOLD) (27) (GOLD) (SPECINS)\11) (Commands)

Square brackets ([]) enclose the parts you do not have to type.

When included in a macro buffer, each command requires 9 bytes to summon the command prompt and enter the command and 1 byte for each character in the actual command string. Therefore, in macros, you should use the shortest valid abbreviation for command strings. Also, when issuing multiple commands, if you execute commands with RETURN instead of ENTER, you save 7 bytes for each command.

(2\34) (Command\Operation) (@filespec\Executes your macro directly from an auxiliary file.) (CH[ANGE]\Leaves the command mode and returns KED to the text-editing mode.

In an auxiliary command file, it can precede text that you want to insert into your text file.) (first) (CLE[AR] A[LL MACROS]\Deletes all macros from the macro buffer.) (CLE[AR] M[ACRO] identifier\Deletes the macro specified by the identifier but does not delete any other macros from the macro buffer.) (CLE[AR] P[ASTE]\Empties the paste buffer (deletes its contents).) (CLO[SE]\Closes your auxiliary output file.) (EXIT\Ends your work session, closes (saves) all open files, and displays your system prompt.) (EXIT S[AVE]\Ends your work session and saves the journal file.) (F[ILL]\Reformats selected text to fit within the current right margin. The default line length is 78 characters when the screen width is 80 and 130 characters when the screen width is 132.) (INC[LUDE] number [LINES]\Inserts the specified number of lines from your auxiliary input file.) (INC[LUDE] number P[AGES]\Inserts the specified number of pages from your auxiliary input file, according to the default page definition (the form-feed character) or the latest definition you specified with a SET ENTITY PAGE command.) (INC[LUDE] R[EST]\Inserts all the text remaining in your auxiliary input file.) (LE[ARN]\Enables the storing and execution of your sequence of functions and commands (your macro). KED assigns the backslash character as your identifier.) (LE[ARN] identifier\Same as above, except you specify the identifier, which can be any single letter or the backslash character.) (LOA[D] identifier\Copies an auxiliary file to the macro buffer. The identifier can be any single letter that KED is not using as a macro identifier. The file name will be your identifier and the file type will be KED.) (LOA[D] identifier filespec\Same as above, except you specify a file specification for the auxiliary file. If you omit the file type, it will be KED.) (LOC[AL]\Renumbers your MACRO--11 local symbols, using a default of 10 for each of the missing parameters.) (LOC[AL] start\Renumbers your MACRO--11 local symbols, using a default of 10 for the missing increment parameter.) (LOC[AL] start increment\Renumbers your MACRO--11 local symbols so they start with the starting value and are separated by the increment. The default starting value is 10; the default increment is also 10.) ([OPEN] I[NPUT] filespec\Opens your auxiliary input file.) ([OPEN] O[UTPUT] filespec\Opens your auxiliary output file.) (PURGE\Deletes your auxiliary output file.) (QUIT\Ends your work session, deletes all open output files, and displays your system prompt.) (QUIT S[AVE]\Ends your work session and saves the journal file.) (SA[VE] identifier\Copies your macro to an auxiliary file. The identifier must be the same identifier you used in creating and storing the macro; it cannot be the backslash character. The file name will be your identifier and the file type will be KED.) (SA[VE] identifier filespec\Same as above, except you specify a file specification for your macro. If you omit the file type, it will be KED.) (SE[T ENTITY] P[AGE] "marker"\Defines a page to be all the text between occurrences of the specified marker. The form-feed character is the default marker.) (SE[T ENTITY] P[AGE] "marker"\Same as above.) (SE[T ENTITY] P[AGE] number [LINES]\Defines a page to be the specified number of lines.) (SE[T ENTITY] SEC[TION] "marker"\Defines a section to be all the text between occurrences of the specified marker.) (SE[T ENTITY] SEC[TION] "marker"\Same as above.) (SE[T ENTITY] SEC[TION] number [LINES]\Defines a section to be the specified number of lines. The default is 16 lines.) (SE[T] F[REQUENCY] number\Changes the modification count that determines when the contents of the journal buffer will be moved to the journal file.) (SE[T] H[ELP]\The default. Enables the display of the keypad diagram and the other full-screen HELP displays.) (SE[T] J[OURNAL] S[AVE]\Saves the journal file when you end your work session with an EXIT or QUIT command.) (SE[T] NOH[ELP]\Suppresses all full-screen HELP displays.) (SE[T] NOQ[UIET]\The default. Sets the terminal warning signal to be the sound of a beeper.) (SE[T] NOT[ABS]\Cancels the structured tab operation (your indentation value and the initialization of the level counter).) (SE[T] NOW[RAP]\Cancels your right margin setting (your maximum line length). It cancels the word-wrap operation but does not affect the FILL function.) (SE[T] Q[UIET]\Sets the terminal warning signal to be a reversal of the text and background.) (SE[T SCREEN] 80\The default. Displays up to 78 characters (columns) in a single line.) (SE[T SCREEN] 132\Displays up to 130 characters (columns) in a single line.) (SE[T SCREEN] D[ARK]\The default. Displays light text on a dark background.) (SE[T SCREEN] L[IGHT]\Displays dark text on a light background.) (SE[T SEARCH] BE[GIN]\The default. Specifies that the cursor will be placed at the beginning of the matching target.) (SE[T SEARCH] BO[UNDED]\Limits searches to one page, according to the default definition (the form-feed character) or the latest definition you specified with a SET ENTITY PAGE command.) (SE[T SEARCH] EN[D]\Specifies that the cursor will be placed at the end of the matching target.) (SE[T SEARCH] EX[ACT]\Specifies that the target and model letters will match with regard for case (distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters in your search string).) (SE[T SEARCH] G[ENERAL]\The default. Specifies that the target and model letters will match without regard for case (does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters in your search string).) (SE[T SEARCH] NOR[ETURN]\Specifies that the cursor will move to the top or bottom of your file when a matching target is not found.) (SE[T SEARCH] NOSEL[ECT]\The default. The search target is not used as the selection for APPEND, CHNGCASE, and CUT functions (disables the selection operation in the FIND function).) (SE[T SEARCH] R[ETURN]\The default. Specifies that the cursor will remain in its current location when a matching target is not found.) (SE[T SEARCH] SEL[ECT]\Lets the search target be used as the selection for APPEND, CHNGCASE, and CUT functions (enables the selection operation in the FIND function).) (SE[T SEARCH] U[NBOUNDED]\The default. Allows searches for a matching target between the cursor and the top or bottom of your file.) (SE[T] T[ABS]\For the structured tab operation, specifies a default indentation value of 4 and initializes the level counter at 1.) (SE[T] T[ABS] indent\Same as above, except you specify the indentation value.) (SE[T] W[RAP]\Sets your right margin (your maximum line length) for the word-wrap operation and the FILL function to the default, which is 78 characters when the screen width is 80 and 130 characters when the screen width is 132.) (SE[T] W[RAP] number\Same as above, except you set the right margin instead of using the default.) (SK[IP] number [LINES]\Skips the specified number of lines in your auxiliary input file.) (SK[IP] number P[AGES]\Skips the specified number of pages in your auxiliary input file, according to the default page definition (the form-feed character) or the latest definition you specified with a SET ENTITY PAGE command.) (SK[IP] R[EST]\Skips all the text remaining in your auxiliary input file.) ([TABS] A[DJUST]\Changes the indentation level of lines in selected text to the default, which rewrites indentations to use the most efficient combination of tabs and spaces.) ([TABS] A[DJUST] 0\Same as above.) ([TABS] A[DJUST] level\Same as above, except you specify the indentation level.) (W[RITE] J[OURNAL]\Moves the contents of the journal buffer to the journal file without waiting for the modification count to be reached.) (W[RITE] number [LINES]\Copies the specified number of lines to your auxiliary output file.) (W[RITE] number P[AGES]\ Copies the specified number of pages to your auxiliary output file, according to the default page definition (the form-feed character) or the latest definition you specified with a SET ENTITY PAGE command.) (last) (W[RITE] R[EST]\Copies all the text (from the cursor to the end-of-file marker) to your auxiliary output file.) (W[RITE] S[ELECT]\Copies selected text to your auxiliary output file.)