To mount the CDROM from a NetBSD/pmax host, type
       mount -r -t cd9660 /dev/rzXc /mnt
and from an Ultrix host
       mount -r -t cdfs -o nodefperm,noversion /dev/rzXc /mnt
where X is the SCSI id of the CDROM.

Note

Ultrix does not have Rock Ridge extensions so leave out everything between the first and last period (.) in the paths on the CD. For example, the path NetBSD-1.3.2 would show up as NetBSD-1.2.

The diskimage file can be found on the CDROM at the following location (relative to the mount point of the CD)
       pmax/installation/diskimage/diskimage.gz
and the diskless boot tar file can be found at
       pmax/installation/netboot/diskimage.tgz
Once you have located these files, continue on to either Install via netboot install kernel, Install via diskless boot, Install via diskimage or Installing from an existing system section later in the INSTALL notes.

Installing from an existing system

Note

If you are installing NetBSD using an existing NetBSD system that is older than NetBSD-1.4, you will need to install new bootblocks before installing NetBSD-1.4.1. New bootblocks are in the tar file:
       pmax/installation/misc/bootblocks.tgz
in the NetBSD-1.4.1 distribution. To install the new bootblocks, use the following commands:
       # cd /
       # tar xvpfz .../pmax/installation/misc/bootblocks.tgz
       # disklabel -B rzX
where X is your boot disk SCSI ID.

With new NetBSD bootblocks or using the Ultrix bootloader, you can boot the kernel located in:
       pmax/binary/kernel/install.gz
On Ultrix systems you will need to gunzip this kernel before booting it. A copy of the gunzip binary for Ultrix systems is located in:
       pmax/installation/misc/gunzip.ultrix

Then boot using:
       >> boot -f rz(0,X,0)install
       >> boot 5/rzX/install
or
       >> boot 3/rzX/install
where X is your boot disk SCSI ID, and continue to the Once you've booted the diskimage section

Install via diskimage

To install the diskimage onto disk rzX on a NetBSD/pmax system, do:
       disklabel -W /dev/rrzXc
       gunzip -c diskimage.gz | dd of=/dev/rrzXc bs=10240

When installing on a disk with no NetBSD or Ultrix label, you may get a message like:
       rzX: WARNING: trying Ultrix label, no disk label
or when installing on an old Ultrix disk, you may get a message like:
       rzX: WARNING: using ULTRIX partition information
when issuing the "disklabel -W /dev/rrzXc" command. This can safely be ignored.

Most other NetBSD ports are similar, but use rsdXc instead of rrzXc.

On NetBSD/i386, the `raw disk partition' is the 'd' parttion, so do:
       disklabel -W /dev/rsdXd
       gunzip -c diskimage.gz | dd of=/dev/rsdXd bs=10240

On NetBSD, be sure to use disklabel -W to enable writing to the label area of the disk. If you forget this and/or use the `block' device, the dd command may silently fail.

On Ultrix systems, do:
       gunzip -c diskimage.gz | dd of=/dev/rrzXc bs=10240
A copy of the gunzip program is located in
       pmax/installation/misc/gunzip.ultrix
if you do not already have it.

On MS-DOS, use an unzip utlility, then use rawrite.

Then boot using:
       >> boot -f rz(0,X,0)netbsd
       >> boot 5/rzX/netbsd
or
       >> boot 3/rzX/netbsd
where X is your boot disk SCSI ID, and continue to the Once you've booted the diskimage section.

Install via netboot install kernel

• The pmax PROM software sends a BOOTP request to get its own address, the address of the TFTP server and the file to download.

• It downloads the file name obtained from BOOTP, which is the install kernel, via TFTP and then executes it.

You will need to set up servers for BOOTP and TFTP.

For the BOOTP server you need to specify the:

• hardware type (Ethernet)
• hardware address (Ethernet MAC address)
• IP address of the client
• subnet mask of the client
• address of the TFTP server
• name of the kernel loaded via TFTP

Here's an example for a Unix system running bootpd:

myhost.mydom.com:\
      :ht=ethernet:ha=08002b123456:\
      :ip=192.168.1.2:sm=255.255.255.0:\
      :sa=192.168.1.1:bf=install:\
      :rp=/usr/export/pmax:

host pmax {
     hardware ethernet 08:0:2b:12:34:56;
     fixed-address 192.168.1.2;
     option host-name "myhost.mydom.com";
     filename "install";
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
     option broadcast-address 255.255.255.0;
     option domain-name "my.domain";
     option root-path "/usr/export/pmax";
}

For the TFTP server, You will need to copy the install kernel to the directory used by the TFTP server. This file must be gunziped.

Then boot using:
       >> boot -f tftp()
       >> boot 6/tftp
or
       >> boot 3/tftp

and continue to the Once you've booted the diskimage section.

Install via diskless boot

Since the system install utility, sysinst, requires a read/write root, installing via diskless boot is only feasible if your NFS server exports the diskless root read-write. If this is not possible, you should install via other of the other installation procedures.

Once you have booted the kernel, continue to the Once you've booted the diskimage section.

Once you've booted the diskimage

The system will then start the sysinst program.

Running the Sysinst Installation Program

1. Introduction

   Using sysinst, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process. You still should read this document and have it in hand when doing the installation process. This document tries to be a good guideline for the installation and as such covers many details to be completed. Do not let this discourage you, the install program is not hard to use.
   

2. General

   The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting NetBSD installed on your hard disk. sysinst is a menu driven installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the installation. Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases the default answer will be displayed in brackets (``[ ]'') after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch.
   

3. Quick install

   First, let's describe a quick install. The other sections of this document go into the installation procedure in more detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you want detailed instructions, skip to section 3. This section describes a basic installation, using a CD-ROM install as an example.

   
   
   • What you need.

     
     

     - The distribution sets (in this example, they are on CD).
     

     - A CD-ROM drive (SCSI or ATAPI), a harddisk and a minimum of 8Mb of memory installed.
     

     - The harddisk should have at least 200 + n megabytes of space free, where n is the number of megabytes of main memory in your system. If you wish to install the X window system as well, you will need at least 60Mb more.

     
     

   • The Quick Installation

     
     

     - Boot the system as desribed in the previous section. You should be at the sysinst main menu.
     

     - If you wish, you can configure some network settings immediately by choosing the utilities menu and then configure network. It isn't actually required at this point, but it may be more convenient. Go back to the main menu.
     

     - Choose install
     

     - You will be guided through some steps regarding the setup of your disk, and the selection of distributed components to install. When in doubt, refer to the rest of this document for details.
     

     - After your disk has been prepared, choose CD-ROM as the medium. The default values for the path and device should be ok.
     

     - After all the files have been unpacked, go back to the main menu and select reboot, after you have removed the bootfloppy from the drive.
     

     - NetBSD will now boot. You should log in as root, and set a password for that account. You are also advised to edit the file /etc/rc.conf to match your system needs.
     

     - Your installation is now complete.
     

     - For configuring the X window system, if installed, see the files in        /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc.
     Further information can be found on http://www.xfree86.org/

   
   

4. Booting NetBSD

   Boot the system as desribed in the previous section.

   Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot messages, you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu. It will also include instructions for using the menus.
   

5. Network configuration

   If you will not use network operation during the installation, but you do want your machine to be configured for networking once it is installed, you should first go to the utilities menu, and select Configure network option. If you only want to temporarily use networking during the installation, you can specify these parameters later. If you are not using Domain Name Service (DNS), you can give an empty response in reply to answers relating to this.
   

6. Installation drive selection and parameters

   To start the installation, select the menu option to install NetBSD from the main menu.

   The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to install NetBSD. sysinst will report a list of disks it finds and ask you for your selection. Depending on how many disks are found, you may get a different message. You should see disk names like rz0 or rz1
   

7. Partitioning the disk.
   
   
   • Which portion of the disk to use.

     You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk for NetBSD, it will be checked if there are already other systems present on the disk, and you will be asked to confirm whether you want to overwrite these.

     If you want to use the entire disk for NetBSD, you can skip the following section and go to Editing the NetBSD disklabel.
     

   • Editing the NetBSD disklabel.

     The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a disklabel. There are 3 layouts for the NetBSD part of the disk that you can pick from: Standard, Standard with X and Custom. The first two use a set of default values (that you can change) suitable for a normal installation, possibly including X. The last option lets you specify everything yourself.

     You will be presented with the current layout of the NetBSD disklabel, and given a chance to change it. For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is called 4.2BSD. A swap partition has a special type called swap.

     Some partitions in the disklabel have a fixed purpose. Partition a is always the root partition, b is the swap partition, and c is the whole disk. Partitions e-h are available for other use. Traditionally, d is the partition mounted on the /usr directory, but this is historical practice, not a fixed value.

     You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response is mydisk. For most purposes this will be OK. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and contains no special characters. You don't need to remember this name.

   
   

8. Preparing your hard disk

   You are now at the point of no return. Nothing has been written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified. If you are sure you want to proceed, enter yes at the prompt.

   The install program will now label your disk and make the file systems you specified. The filesystems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. You will see messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. Otherwise, you can continue the installation program after pressing the return key.
   

9. Getting the distribution sets.

   The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of sets, that come in the form of gzipped tarfiles. A few sets must be installed for a working system, others are optional. At this point of the installation, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose from one of the following methods of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first load the sets on your hard disk, others will extract the sets directly.

   For all these methods, the first step is making the sets available for extraction, and then do the actual installation. The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The following sections describe each of those methods. After reading the one about the method you will be using, you can continue to section 9
   

10. Installation using ftp

    To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure your network setup, if you haven't already at the start of the install procedure. sysinst will do this for you, asking you to provide some data, like IP number, hostname, etc. If you do not have name service set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press return in answer to these questions, and DNS will not be used.

    You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host, and the account name and password used to log into that host using ftp. If you did not set up DNS when answering the questions to configure networking, you will need to specify an IP number instead of a hostname for the ftp server.

    sysinst will proceed to transfer all the default set files from the remote site to your hard disk.
    

11. Installation using NFS

    To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure your network setup, if you haven't already at the start of the install procedure. sysinst will do this for you, asking you to provide some data, like IP number, hostname, etc. If you do not have name service set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press return in answer to these questions, and DNS will not be used.

    You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, and the directory on that host that the files are in. This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing on, i.e. correctly exported to your machine.

    If you did not set up DNS when answering the questions to configure networking, you will need to specify an IP number instead of a hostname for the NFS server.
    

12. Installation from CD-ROM

    When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify the device name for your CD-ROM player (usually cd0), and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are.

    sysinst will then check if the files are indeed available in the specified location, and proceed to the actual extraction of the sets.
    

13. Installation from an unmounted filesystem

    In order to install from a local filesystem, you will need to specify the device that the filesystem resides on (for example rz1e) the type of the filesystem, and the directory on the specified filesystem where the sets are located. sysinst will then check if it can indeed access the sets at that location.
    

14. Installation from a local directory

    This option assumes that you have already done some preparation yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a filesystem that is already accessible. sysinst will ask you for the name of this directory.
    

15. Extracting the distribution sets

    After the install sets containing the NetBSD distribution have been made available, you can either extract all the sets (a full installation), or only extract sets that you have selected. In the latter case you will be shown the currently selected sets, and given the opportunity to select the sets you want. Some sets always need to be installed (kern, base and etc) they will not be shown in this selection menu.

    Before extraction begins, you can elect to watch the files being extracted; the name of each file that is extracted will be shown. This can slow down the installation process considerably, especially on machines with slow graphics consoles or serial consoles.

    After all the files have been extracted, all the necessary device node files will be created. If you have already configured networking, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these values will be installed in the network configuration files.
    

16. Finalizing your installation.

    Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD1.4.1. You can now reboot the machine, and boot from harddisk.

Post installation steps

Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a propperly configured state, with the most important ones described below.

1. Configuring /etc/rc.conf

   If you haven't done any configuration of /etc/rc.conf, the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message        /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
   and with the root filesystem mounted read-write. When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply hit return to get to a prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with the correct terminal type as discussed in the Once you've booted the diskimage section. and hit return. At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the /etc directory. Change to the /etc directory and take a look at the /etc/rc.conf file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can proceed. If your /usr directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use 'ed' or 'ex', you will have to mount your /usr partition to gain access to 'vi'. Do the following:
          mount /usr
          export TERM=termtype
   If you have /var on a seperate partition, you need to repeat that step for it. After that, you can edit /etc/rc.conf with vi(1). When you have finished, type exit at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.

   Other values that need to be set in /etc/rc.conf for a networked environment are hostname and possibly defaultroute, furthermore add an ifconfig_int for your interface <int>, along the lines of
          ifconfig_le0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
   or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts:
          ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
   To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more information.

   Other files in /etc that are new to NetBSD 1.4 and may require modification or setting up include /etc/mailer.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf and /etc/wscons.conf.

2. Logging in

   After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.

3. Adding accounts

   Use the vipw(8) command to add accounts to your system, do not edit /etc/passwd directly. See adduser(8) for more information on the process of how to add a new user to the system.

4. The X Window System

   If you have installed the X window system, look at the files in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc for information.

   Don't forget to add /usr/X11R6/bin to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.

5. Installing 3rd party packages

   There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based systems, almost all of which can run on NetBSD. Modifications are usually needed to when transferring programs between different Unix-like systems, so the NetBSD packages collection incorporates any such changes necessary to make that software run on NetBSD, and makes the installation (and deinstallation) of the software packages easy. There's also the option of building a package from source, in case there's no precompiled binary available.

   Precompiled binaries can be found at ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/ Package sources for compiling packages can be obtained by retrieving the file ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz and extracting it into /usr/pkgsrc. See /usr/pkgsrc/README then for more information.

6. Misc

   • To adjust the system to your local timezone, point the /etc/localtime symlink to the appropriate file under /usr/share/zoneinfo.

   • Edit /etc/aliases to forward root mail to the right place (run newaliases(1) afterwards.)

   • The /etc/sendmail.cf file will almost definitely need to be adjusted; files aiding in this can be found in /usr/share/sendmail. See the README file there for more information.

   • Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use.

   • Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
            man filename
     is likely to give you more information on these files.